Combination of Aerobics and Resistance Training to Obesity University Student Serum Visfatin Level Influence

2.1. Research Methods

Exercise plan: Exercise groups’ exercise plan includes aerobics and resistance training two parts. Aerobics is scheduled from 18:00 to 19:10 in the afternoon, including aerobics, jogging and sports game. Exercises intensity is controlled at 60%-70% of maximum heart rate. It trains 3 times per week, and 70min (warm-up for 10min. formal training for 50 min. relaxation training for 10min) per time. Monitoring adopts heart rate and combines with self-testing pulse, resistance training is 2 times per week, it mainly includes shoulder joint, elbow joint, hip joint, knee joint and trunk muscle groups’ extension and flexion exercising, exercises intensity is nearly 65%-70% per time that is the maximum repeat load, conduct three groups per time. Every group includes six exercises links. Every link repeats 6-8 times, adopts minimum resistance test value (7-10RM) to predict one time maximum repeat load, calculation formula is 1RM = 1.554 x (7-10RM weight)-5.185, so as to ensure exercise plan safety and validity. Carry on medical supervision on training process. Exercise groups, after 16 weeks’ exercise plan training, exercise group and control group measured relevant indicators are as following [4].

Weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body fat content measurement:During the day before exercise intervention and the day after exercise intervention ending, it measures weight (W), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%F) and body fat content (FM) [5].

Serum TG,TCH,HDL-C,LDL-C and serum Visfatin measurement:Respectively in the morning in the day before 16 weeks’ exercises and in the morning in the next day after 16 weeks’ exercises end, take two groups of subjects’ elbow venous blood 5 ml, and serum to save in -70^oC with an empty belly; use fully automatic biomechanical analyser to test plasma triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TCH),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C), kit is provided by Nanjing Jiancheng biology limited company. Serum Visfatin test uses Visfatin kit to measure, kit is provided by American Rapidbio (RB) Company [6].

Statistics handling All data adopts spss13.0 software to statistic, adopts t to test, p<0.05 represents differences have statistical significances. Serum Visfatin kit measurement changes and weight,BMI,FM, %F, TG,TCH,LDL changes adopt correlation analysis.

2.2. Research Results

3.1. Before and after 16 Weeks’ Exercises Weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage and Body Fat Content Changes

Long time aerobics exercise is best plan in losing weight through exercises, and recent years’ researches think that combine aerobics with medium and small intensity resistance strength training is more effective to weight losing, because aerobics can effective speed up caloric consumption, but after aerobics ending, it cannot continue to improve body basic metabolism rate for a long time, and strength training can increase gross muscle volume, increase lean body mass and then let body basic metabolism rate to be improved, which can further improve human body energy consumption under resting state [7]. The research’s aerobics sports intensity is 60%-70% of subject maximum heart rate, in the aspect of sports time, in order to stimulate fat tissue mobilization and decomposition to maximum limitation, generally it suggests sports time not to lower than 30minutes. The experiment subjects’ exercises time design is 70 minutes, after 16 weeks’ exercise intervention, group A and group A+R weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body fat content significantly drop, which is supposed that obesity university students body fat tissue speeds up mobilization and decomposition and oxidation energy supply, as well as fat constructive metabolism drop under the stimulation of exercises during 16 weeks’ combination of aerobics and resistance strength training process, the research finds that compare group A+R with group A, group A+R FM,%F are obvious lower than group A, but W and BMI have no statistical differences, which may be strength training lets obesity students’ lean body mass to obvious increase, decrease fat and meanwhile increase muscle, on a whole, compare subject weight and BMI with purely aerobics group A, they have no statistical differences, but fat mass FM and body fat percentage %F obvious increase, for combining medium intensity aerobics with strength training, it can more effective enhance weight losing effects potential mechanism and let aerobics to be able to effective speed up caloric consumption, but after aerobics ending, it cannot continue to increase human body basic metabolism rate for a long time, while combine with strength training can increase gross muscle volume, increase lean body mass and then let human body basic metabolism rate to be promoted, which can further improve human body energy consumption under resting state [8].

3.2. Before and After 16 Weeks’ Exercise Serum TG, TCH, HDL-C, LDL-C Content Changes

Regarding reports of long-term aerobics exercises influences on TG,TCH,HDL-C,LDL-C is inconsistent to previous reports, Jia Lei researched and found swimming could reduce nutritional obesity mice body mass, body fat, reduce serum’s TCH, and LDL-C, rise HDL-C level, Huang Ya-Ru researches found 4 weeks’ exercises could obvious reduce obesity youth weight, body fat, fat free mass, TCH,LDL, and improve HDL; Ji Zhi-Yong and other researched and found that after 7 weeks’ aerobics, hyperlipemia rat serum TCH,TG,LDL-C content obvious declined, HDL-C obvious rose. For above result, the writer thinks that exercises influences on blood lipid metabolism may go through following paths, firstly aerobics reduced plasma’s TG,TCH levels, promoted TG transportation and degradation, secondly aerobics could let cholesterol reverse transportation ability to increase, which caused blood LDL-C reducing and HDL-C rising, by above path, it drove body blood lipid metabolism improvements [9].

But regarding aerobics exercises to blood fat influences, there are also some different reports, Li Gai-Cheng and others researched and found that after 12 weeks’ aerobic bodybuilding exercises, simple obesity women plasma triglyceride obviously declined, while TG,TCH, LDL-C and HDL-C had no obvious changes. Guo Yin and others observed 4 weeks’ aerobics influences on obesity children blood fat, and found LDL and TC declined, but HDL-C had no significant improvements (Table 2).

After 16 weeks’ exercises intervention, the research compares group A+R and A with control group C, serum TG,TCH and LDL-C levels obvious decline (p<0·05), HDL-C level obvious rises (P<0.05). The research thinks that before and after experiment blood lipid metabolism indicators changes have following possibilities, firstly, long-term aerobics exercises can propel to TG transferring and degradation functions, reduce serum TG,TCH contents, secondly, long-term aerobics exercise can increase TCH reverse transferring ability, which can reduce serum’s LDL-C, and meanwhile rise HDL-C level. Above blood lipid metabolism changes and meanwhile it occurs to group A+R and A, it indicates that no matter 16 weeks’ pure aerobics or aerobics and resistance training combination, both can let obesity university students’ blood lipid metabolic disorder to be well improved. The experiment also finds that compare group A+R with group A, blood fat indicator has no statistical differences, which may be that blood fat is sensitive to aerobics endurance training, while is not sensitive to strength training, and also may be that intervention cycling 16 weeks are too short to indicate strength training effects, which needs to be further proved in future research.

3.3. Before and After 16 weeks’ Exercise Serum Visfatin Levels Changes and Other Indicators Correlations

Visfatin is a kind of fat cell factor that mainly secreted by people and mice visceral fat tissue in latest discovery, its structure is similar to pre-B cell colony enhancement factor that mainly greatly expressed in visceral fat, so it is called Visfatin. Visfatin is closely linked to obesity and can propel to fat cell composition and aggregation, affect body glucolipid metabolism, so it may be one fat factor that is related to obesity and diabetes. Visfatin mainly is generated by visceral fat, besides, in marrow stroma cell, activated lymphocyte, liver and muscle tissues, they are also expressions to different extents, which by far has been found in human race, mice, rat and pig and other species, and suffered multiple factors adjustment. Visfatin can also promote fat cell differentiation, maturity and accumulation, and meanwhile rise as fat content increases, Fukuhara and others find that plasma Visfatin level is positive correlated to visceral fat content, but has no significant correlations with subcutaneous fat. Shang Jing and other researches indicate that exercise can improve high fat feeding caused fat metabolic disorder and obesity, and meanwhile accompanying by visceral fat tissue visfatin mRNA expression declining. Choi and others researched and found, original obesity person that plasma, visfatin concentration was higher than control group, after 12 weeks’ aerobics, visfatin level obvious declined and accordingly weight obvious declined [10].

The experiment found that no matter pure aerobics group or aerobics and resistance training combinative group’s obesity university students, after 16 weeks’ exercise intervention, serum visfatin level obvious declines (P<0.05), and control group has no differences before and after experiment, and compare aerobics and resistance training combinative group with pure aerobics group, serum visfatin level obvious declines and has no statistical significance (P<0.05), and serum visfatin level respectively is positive

correlated to BMI,WHR,F%,FINS,HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C (p<0.05) (Table 3) and it is negative correlated to HDL-C (p<0.05), serum visfatin reduction may have connections with the reduction of fat secretion that is caused by aerobics reduction and body fat accumulation, visfatin secretion reduces, lipid metabolism disorder obtains certain improvements. And by far it is supposed that obesity, diabetes and others, all belong to chronic low grade mucosal inflammation diseases, so we can speculate that exercises functions on visfatin may be realized through visceral fat tissue secreted some inflammatory factors, it may be one of mechanisms that exercises improve obesity, but it needs to further verify. Therefore, it can also speculate that serum visfatin level can react obesity extent and intervention effects of losing weight through exercises, but due to visfatin content and sports relevant researches are little, relevant specific deepen mechanism is still to be further explored, which is also the shortage in the research.