RESEARCH ARTICLE


Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Nano-Nose - A Review



M. P. Fernandes1, *, S Venkatesh2, B. G Sudarshan3
1 Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
2 Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
3 Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India


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Creative Commons License
© Fernandes et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore; Tel: 00919731989268; E-mail: 25melaniefernandes@gmail.com


Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the malignancies causing deaths worldwide. The yet to be developed non-invasive diagnostic techniques, are a challenge for early detection of cancer before it progresses to its later stages. The currently available diagnostic methods are expensive or invasive, and are not fit for general screening purposes. Early identification not only helps in detecting primary cancer, but also in treating its secondaries; which creates a need for easily applicable tests to screen individuals at risk. A detailed review of the various screening methods, including the latest trend of breath analysis using gold nanoparticles, to identify cancer at its early stage, are studied here. The VOC based breath biomarkers are used to analyze the exhaled breath of the patients. These biomarkers are utilized by Chemiresistors coated with gold nanoparticles, which are found to be the most suited technique for early detection of lung cancer. This technique is highly accurate and is relatively easy to operate and was tested on smokers and non-smokers. This review also gives as an outline of the fabrication and working of the device Na-Nose. The Chemiresistors coated with Gold nanoparticles, show a great potential in being an non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic technique for early detection of lung cancer.

Keywords: Benchmarks, biomarkers, cancer, chemiresistor, endogenous, exogenous, GC-MS system, IMS, monolayer-capped, phasetransfer, PCA, SPME, TEM, thiol, VOC.